Advances in Biomaterials for Dental Implants: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of advancements in biomaterials for dental implants, focusing on their mechanical, biological, and bioactive properties. A systematic narrative review approach was used, analyzing literature published from 2019 to 2024. Major scientific databases were searched using defined keywords, and studies were selected based on inclusion criteria such as the relevance of biomaterial properties, surface modifications, and clinical outcomes. Extracted data were synthesized to identify key trends and emerging technologies in dental implant materials. Advancements in biomaterials have improved the osseointegration, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties of dental implants. The introduction of bioactive coatings, nanostructured surfaces, and 3D printing technologies has significantly enhanced implant performance, reducing healing times and minimizing complications. Smart biomaterials have shown promise in promoting bone regeneration and combating infections. Additionally, the development of biodegradable and sustainable materials represents a growing trend toward environmentally friendly and patient-specific implant solutions. However, challenges remain, including material degradation, cost barriers, and the need for more robust clinical validation. Recent innovations in biomaterial science have transformed dental implantology, offering new possibilities for improving implant longevity, patient outcomes, and overall success rates. Further research and development will be essential in addressing current limitations and ensuring the long-term viability of advanced biomaterials in clinical practice.