Nanotechnology in Dentistry: Potential Applications and Future Perspectives

Abstract

This study aims to explore the applications, advantages, challenges, and future perspectives of nanotechnology in dentistry, highlighting its role in improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment precision, and patient outcomes. A scientific narrative review was conducted using a descriptive analysis method to synthesize literature published between 2020 and 2025 on nanotechnology applications in dentistry. Relevant peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, and clinical studies were obtained from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The selection criteria included studies focusing on nanomaterials, nanocomposites, nanorobotics, and nano-based drug delivery systems in various dental disciplines, including preventive, restorative, endodontic, periodontal, prosthodontic, orthodontic, and diagnostic applications. The analysis examined the mechanical, antimicrobial, and biocompatible properties of nanomaterials, their clinical effectiveness, and associated risks. The findings indicate that nanotechnology has significantly enhanced the strength, durability, and antibacterial properties of dental materials, leading to improved restorative and preventive treatments. Nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotubes have been integrated into composite resins, implants, and regenerative scaffolds, improving osseointegration, tissue regeneration, and enamel remineralization. Nanobiosensors and nanosensors have facilitated early disease detection, while nano-based drug delivery systems have optimized targeted therapies with minimal systemic side effects. Despite these advancements, concerns regarding cytotoxicity, long-term biocompatibility, regulatory challenges, and high costs remain barriers to widespread clinical adoption. Nanotechnology has revolutionized modern dentistry by providing innovative solutions for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Its integration with artificial intelligence, regenerative medicine, and robotics is expected to further enhance patient-centered and minimally invasive treatments. Future research should focus on addressing safety concerns, improving cost-effectiveness, and establishing standardized regulatory guidelines to ensure the long-term success of nanotechnology in dentistry.