Aesthetic Considerations in Prosthodontics: A Literature Review

Abstract

This study aims to explore the key aesthetic considerations in prosthodontics, including color and shade matching, material selection, surface texture, tooth proportions, gingival aesthetics, and patient-centered perceptions, while examining current challenges and future advancements in aesthetic prosthetic rehabilitation. A narrative review was conducted using a descriptive analysis method to synthesize relevant literature on aesthetic principles in prosthodontics. Studies published between 2010 and 2024 were retrieved from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Selection criteria included peer-reviewed journal articles, clinical trials, and systematic reviews focusing on the aesthetic outcomes of prosthodontic treatments. The analysis categorized findings into essential aesthetic components, clinical challenges, and technological advancements in prosthetic rehabilitation. Aesthetic outcomes in prosthodontics are influenced by multiple factors, including shade-matching accuracy, material translucency, surface polish, and gingival integration. Digital dentistry and artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced treatment planning, with CAD/CAM technology improving the precision and customization of restorations. Material advancements such as multilayered zirconia, lithium disilicate ceramics, and bioactive composites have contributed to better aesthetic performance. Despite these improvements, challenges persist in managing patient expectations, optimizing long-term color stability, and addressing soft tissue aesthetics. Limitations in aesthetic assessment tools and subjective patient perceptions further complicate treatment planning, emphasizing the need for more reliable evaluation methods. Aesthetic prosthodontics requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating advanced materials, digital workflows, and patient-centered design principles. While significant progress has been made in improving aesthetic predictability, further research is needed to refine material properties, enhance digital aesthetic assessment tools, and develop more effective interdisciplinary treatment strategies. Continuous innovation will be essential in addressing current limitations and ensuring long-term aesthetic success in prosthetic rehabilitation.