Antibacterial Efficiency of Nano Silver Particles: A Comprehensive Review
Keywords:
Antibacterial Efficiency, Nano Silver Particles, Comprehensive ReviewAbstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained significant attention due to their remarkable antibacterial properties, offering a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics in the fight against microbial infections. These nanoparticles, with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm, exhibit superior antibacterial efficacy compared to bulk silver due to their high surface area and unique physicochemical properties. The antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs involve multiple pathways, including the disruption of bacterial cell membranes, the release of silver ions (Ag+), the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the interaction with bacterial DNA. These mechanisms contribute to the inhibition of bacterial growth and cell death. AgNPs have been applied in various fields, including medicine, consumer products, water treatment, and food preservation, due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. However, concerns regarding their potential toxicity to human cells, environmental impact, and the development of bacterial resistance need to be addressed for their widespread use. This review provides an overview of the antibacterial efficiency of AgNPs, highlighting their synthesis, mechanisms of action, applications, challenges, and future prospects for improving their safety and efficacy.
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